Noun: A word (other than a pronoun) used to identify any of a class 
of people, places, or things.

Example: Teacher, Book, School

Types of noun: 

Countable = Dog/Dogs
Non countable = Milk, Water, Hair
Proper Noun (Names) = London, Sony, April
Possessive's = Sara's, my parent's
Noun as Adjective =  Love story, bathroom

Gerund: verb that turns into a nounby adding 'ing'. (without is which make it an pregressive tense)

Pronoun: Small words than can replace a noun.

Example: He, She, You, It

Types of pronoun:

Subjective 1st = I, We 
Objective 2nd = Me, Us
Possesive 3rd = You, Ours

Adjective: Describe or give information about a noun or pronoun.

Example: Beautiful, Strong, Kind

Comparative Adjective: Nice - Nicer - Nicest//Small-smaller-smallest
Irregular Adjective: Good - Better - Worst

Verbs: They are sometimes 'action words' it gives the idea of an action or doing something or give the idea of existence.Or something they can be can you cry, march, rinse?.

Example:  Play, Bake, Call, Grab, Hug, Jump Kick

Helping Verbs: Do not stand alone or express action, they help the main verb.

Example: is, Am, are, may, might, must, be

Linking verbs: Do not show action. Instead, they connect nouns and pronouns to other information in the sentence. 

Example: Am, be, Is, look, Grow, Become

Irregular Verbs: Verbs that don't follow the rules for changing tense. present/past/future participle.(Change Spelling Completely)

Example: bite/bit/bitten // choose/chose/chosen // eat/ate/eaten

Preposition: is a word usiually coming infront of a noun

Example: to, in, on, for, under , before

Article: The, An, A

Conjuctions: any member of a small class of words distinguished in many languages by their function as connectors between words, phrases, clauses, or sentences, as and, because, but, however.